Gear-shaping machine



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E. R. FELLOWS GEAR SHAPING MACHINE.

No 579,708. Patented Mar; 30,1897.

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GEAR SHAPING MACHINE. No. 579,708. Patented Mar. 30, 1897.

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E. R. FELLOWS. GEAR SHAPING MACHINE.

No 579,708. Patented Mar. 30, 1897.

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GEAR SHAPING MACHINE.

Patented Mar. 30, 1897'.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 5.

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GEAR SHAPING MACHINE.

No 579,708. Patented-Mar, 30, 1897.

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E. R. FELLOWS. GEAR SHAPING MACHINE.

No. 579,708. Patented Mar. 30, 1897.

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GEAR SHAPING MAGHINEL. No, 579,708. Patented Mar. 30, 1897.

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'B. R. FELLOWS. GEAR SHAPING. MAGHINIL- No. 579,708. Patented Mar. 30,1897.

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(No Model.) E. R. FELLOWS.

GEAR SHAPING MACHINE. v No. 579,708. Patented Mar. 30, 1897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Orricn.

EDWIN R. FELLOWS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

GEAR=SHAPING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 579,708, dated March30, 1897.

Serial No. 585,587. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN R. FELLOWS, of

Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Gear-Shaping Machines,of which the following is a specification. This invention has for itsobject to provide a gear-cutting machine adapted to act on a gear orother blank simultaneously at a plurality of points, to the end that thegear-teeth may be cut more rapidly than is possible by the use of acutter which acts on the blank at but a single point.

The invention also has for its object to enable one cutter to cut teethfor all sizes of gears and to generate the curve for each gear inaccordance with the size or diameter thereof.

Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification,Figure 1 represents a front elevation of a gear-cutting machineembodying the best form of my invention at present known to me. Figs.2and 3 are end elevations of the same. Fig. 4 represents a plan View.Figs. 4 and 4 represent views of accessories hereinafter specified. Fig.5 represents a section, partly on line 5 5 of Fig. 1, looking toward theright, and partly on the line 5' 5 of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 represents asection on line 6 6 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents a perspective detailview. Fig. 8 represents a section on line 8 8, Fig. 4. Fig. 9 representsa section 011 line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 represents a front elevationof the cutter-spindle and its carrier. Fig. 11 represents a sectionalview of the cutter. Figs. 12 to 19, inclusive, represent plan views ofthe cutter and blank, showing different stages of the gear-shapingoperation. Fig. 20 represents a cutter formed to cut the teeth of asprocket-wheel. Fig. 21 represents a modified form of cutter and thepiece formed thereby.

In the drawings, a represents the supporting-frame, which is providedwith means for supporting and progressively movinga blank I), on whichgear-teeth are to be cut, and 0 represents the gear-shaped cutter, whichis movable in guides on the supporting-frame forward and back across theplane of the blank and is fed or rotated step by step after eachbackward or return movement, the blank be- 'by the frameof the machine.

ing also given a progressive feed movement after each return movement ofthe cutter. The result of these movements is the formation of gear-teethon the blank, as hereinafter described. In forming teeth on circular orgear-wheel blanks the blank is given a step-by-step rotary feed motion,while in forming rack-teeth on straight blanks the blank is given astep-by-step rectilinear feed motion.

I will first describe the machine as constructed for cutting teeth oncircular blanks, this being its most important function. The blank I) issecured to one end of a spindle b, which is journaled in a bearing 5supported The spindle is rotated step by step in unison with the cutterby mechanism hereinafter described. As here shown, the blank is engagedwith the spindle I) by means of a taper-headed arbor 11 Fig. 8, the headb of which is engaged with a tapered seat in the spindle, (the latterbeing hollow,) a clamping-nut b on the arbor holding the blank against acollar b, secured to the spindle, and a dog 1), formed on the collar 1)and engaged with one of the arms 6 of the blank. The bearing 12 iscarried by a swinging arm b", which is connected by a hinge 12 with thesupporting-frame, so that the spindle b may be swung outwardly from itsoperative position, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, for conveniencein applying and removing the work. The arm I) is secured to hold thespindle b in its operative position by a nut Z9 engaged with a bolt 5affixed to the supporting-frame and bearing on a slotted ear on the armif.

The cutter 0 (shown in section in Fig. 11 is a gear-shaped body ofhardened steel, having a series of alternating projections 2 andrecesses 3, the ends of said projections constituting a series ofmetal-planing teeth. The outer end 4 of the cutter is preferablyslightly recessed or beveled to make the angle formed by itsintersectionwith the outer faces of the teeth slightly acute, thus giving each tootha suitable rake. The cutter is given a suitable clearance by incliningits axis relatively to the axis of the blank and at the same timeproviding for a cutting movement of the cutter in a line parallel withthe axis of the blank, as hereinafter described. The cutter is securedto a spindle c, which is journaled to rotate in bearings hereinafterdescribed supported by a primary slide 0 Figs. 1 and 10, said slidebeing movable on fixed guides c 0 toward and from the axis of the blankI). The spindle c rotates in bearing c, formed on the upper portion ofthe slide 0 and in a sliding bearing c formed on a secondary slide cwhich is movable between guides c c on the slide 0 the spindle beinglongitudinally movable in the bearing 0, as hereinafter described.

ill'echantsmfor moi-ing the spindle eitdwt'se in its hearings to givethe cutter its forward and return morements across the btCtl'l/h3.d,Figs. 5 and 6, represents a rack which is rigidly secured to or formedon the secondary slide and meshes with a gear-segment ct on a rock-shaft(1 which is journaled in bearings on the supporting-frame, the segmentit having a sliding connection with the shaft (1 by means of a spline (1on the shaft for the purpose hereinafter described. A crank-arm daflixed to the rock-shaft (Z is connected by a rod (Z with a wrist-pind, Fig. 2, adjustably mounted on a crank-arm affixed to the driving ormain shaft cl of the machine. The rotation of the shaft (1 oscillatesthe segment (1 through the described intermediate mechanism and causesthe segment to impart a reciprocating endwise movement to the spindleand cutter.

The main shaft d is rotated by a variablespeed driving mechanism whichimparts a much more rapid motion to the shaft during the return movementthan during the cut ting movement of the cutter, so that the cuttermoves at a relatively slow rate while cutting and returns to itsstarting-point at a relatively rapid rate. This result is accomplishedin the present embodiment of my invention by means of a shaft (1 whichreceives motion through a belt running 011 one of a series ofcone-pulleys d thereon and intcrmeshin g elliptical gears d d, affixed,respectively, to the shafts (t and (2, said gears being connected by alink (Z The shaft (1 rotates at a uniform rate of speed, dependent onthe size of the pulley with which the driving-belt is engaged, while theshaft (2 receives through the elliptical gears a varying rate of speed.justable nuts or thrust-bearings at (1, one in contact with the bearingo and the other in contact with a cross-bar c, formed on the secondaryslide c above the bearing a. The slide is provided between the bearingsc and cross-bar with an arched brace or crossbar e extending across thespindle c to strengthen the slide.

(Z represents a spring which is seated on the upper end of a sleeve ehereinafter described, which rotates with the spindle, but does not moveendwise with it, the upper end of said spring bearing on a collar d",aihxed to the spindle. The spring constantly exerts The spindle c isprovided with adan upward pressure on the spindle 0, its object being tocounterbalance the weight of the spindle and the parts that move endwisewith it and take up lost motion in the parts connecting the spindle withthe wrist-pin d on the main shaft.

llfechcmism for progressively rotating or feeding the cutter andbZcmh.-The blankspindle I) is provided with a worm-gear e, which isaffixed to said spindle. The cutterspindle c is provided with aworm-gear e, which is formed on or affixed to a sleeve 0 (the latterbeing fitted to rotate in the bearing oh) and is provided with a key e,Fig. 5, engaged with a groove e in the cuttcr-spindle c, provision beingthus made for rotatively connecting the gear e with the cutter-spindleand for permitting said spindle to move endwise independently of thegear.

c Fig. 2, represents a cam affixed to the main shaft (1 Motion iscommunicated from said cam through a system of connections to theworm-gear on the blank and cutter spindles, said connections being asfollows: e represents a rock -shaft journaled in fixed bearings andprovided with an arm e having a trundle-roll e bearing on the cam e. Tothe rock-shaft e is affixed a longer arm 0", connected by a rod e withan arm e", affixed to a rock-shaft e, also jonrnaled in a fixed bearing.The rock-shaft e has an arm e, which is connected by a link e with a rode sliding in a fixed bearing e Said rod bears against a rod e", whichslides in a bearing a, attached to the arm (1, which is inde pendentlymovable for reasons hereinbefore explained, the rods e and a" being ineffect sections of one red. The object of this sectional rod is topermit the detachment of the part or section contained in arm U from thepart contained in the fixed guide e on the supporting-frame, thuspermitting the swinging of said arm. The rod or section e is connectedby a link e with one arm of a lever 0", which is mounted to oscillate ona shaft c journaled in a bearing e on the supportingframe. The other armof the lever e has a spring-pressed pawl a, Fig. 9, which normallyengages a ratchet e allixed to the shaft e A spring e attached to thelever e normally presses upwardly the arm of said lever, to which thelink e is connected, the said pressure being communicated to the arm ethrough the intermediate parts, thus holding said arm against the cam eand taking up lost motion in the said intermediate parts. Asupplemental. pressure is exerted on the arm e by a spring e Fig. 2,acting on a short arm 6 on the rock-shaft e". the shaft c is affixed agear e which is connected by an intermediate gear e with a gear e on ashaft e having a worm e meshing with the worm-gear e on theblanks-pindleh. The rock-shaft e has another arm e, which is connectedby a link e with one arm of a lever e which is mounted to oscillate on ashaft 6 journaled in a bearing on the slide 0 The other arm of the levere is provided with a spring-pressed pawl e Fig. 3, which normallyengages a ratchet e affixed to the shaft e. A worm e affixed to theshaft e engages the worm-gear e on the cutterspindle.

It will be seen that the cam e onthe main shaft oscillates the pawlseand e through the described connections, and thus causes said pawls toimpart step-by-step rotary feed movements to the blank-spindle and thecutter-spindle, these movements being timed to occur when the cutter isseparated from the blank.

I do not limit myself to a mechanism for giving the work-spindle andcutter-spindle rotary step-by-step feed movements, as the said mechanismmay be modified to continuously rotate said spindles at a slow ratewithout departing from the spirit of myinvention, it being new with meto connect a cutterspindle and a work-spindle with mechanism forsimultaneously rotating both parts and maintaining an operativeconnection between them throughout a complete rotation of thework-spindle, whether the rotary movement be step by step or continuous.

Jlfeans for compensating for the inclination of the cutter -spindte andfor separating the cutter from the work during its return morement-Asabove stated, the cutter is given a suitable clearance by inclining itsaxis rotatively to the axis of the blank, the said relative inclinationbeing such that the faces of the operating-teeth above thecutting-angles are in effect backed off or inclined backwardly from thecutting-angles. This result is accomplished by inclining the bearing 0and the guides c 0 so that the cutter-spindle c is supported at a slightinclination relatively to the work-spindle h, as shown in Fig. 1, thisinclination being constant, so that as each tooth is brought to itsoperative position it is backed off or inclined at asuitable angle forcle rance. It is therefore necessary to give the slide c, the bearing 0and the guides e c a slight movement away from the blank while thespindle and cutter are descending and the cutter is acting on the blankto compensate for the inclination of the guides and the resultingendwise movement of the cutterspindle in an inclined path, the result ofthe two movementsviz., the inclined endwise movement of the spindle andthe compensat,

ing movement of its guides-being a movement of the cutter in a lineparallel with the axis of the work-spindle.

The slide 0 has a limited movement on the guides 0 c toward and from thework-spindle, and is pressed away or outwardly from the work-spindle bysprings ff, Figs. 1 and 10, bearing on studs f f, affixed to the slide cand on a holding-slide which is adjustably secured to the frame of themachine for a purpose hereinafter described, although for the presentsaid holding-slide will be considered as affixed to the frame.

f Fi 10, represents an elongated bearingface formed on the secondaryslide 0 said face being vertical or parallel with the axis of thework-spindle instead of being inclined like the cutter-spindle and itsguides. Between said bearing-face f and the holding-slide g isinterposed a strut f having a trundle-rollf bearing on the verticalfacef and limiting the movement of the slide 0 and the cutter-spindleaway from the work-spindle. It will be seen that as the cutter-spindleand the secondary slide descend the bearing-face f and strut f permitthe slide c and the cutterspindle to move outwardly, so that the actualmovement of the cutter is in a line parallel with the said bearing-face.

To withdraw the cutter from the work during its return movement, Iprovide means for automatically shortening the strut f at the close ofthe forward or cutting movement of the cutter, thus permitting thesprings f to move the cutter back from its operative path, and forlengthening the strut at the end of the return movement of the cutter,thus causing it to move the cutter back to its operative path, thecutter therefore moving forward in one path and returning in another. Tothis end I make the strut f in two sections 5 6, one having ascrew-thread and the other a tapped socket engaging said thread. Thesection 6 is rigidly secured to the holding-slide g by a set-screw 7. Tothe section 5 is alfixed a gear-segment S, with which meshes a gear--segment 9, splined to the rock-shaft e of the above-described feedmechanism. The feedoperating cam e is timed to give the pawls e e theirbackward movement just as the cutter reaches the end of its forwardmovement, and in so doing rotates the shaft e and gear-segment 9 in thedirection indicated by the arrow in Fig. 7, thus causing the saidgear-segment to partially rotate the section 5 of the strut in thedirection required to shorten the strut by the cooperation of thescrewthreads on the fixed and movable sections thereof. Then the cutterreaches the end of its return movement, the feed-operating cam gives thepawls e e their forward movement, and in so doing rotates the shaft eand gearsegment 9 in the direction required to lengthen the strut.

The described backward and forward movements of the cutter and itscarrier (the slide c require a sliding connection between the rockshafte, which is journaled in fixed bearings, and the gear-segment 9 and arme which are supported by and move with the slide 0 I therefore providesaid rock-shaft with a spline 12, Figs. 5 and 7, 011 which the segment 9and arm e are fitted to slide.

llleans for entering the cutter into the work in commencing theoperation without feeding the cutter and worh.At the commencement of theoperation the cutter must be entirely outside of the periphery of theblank. I have therefore provided means whereby the feed mechanism may bemade inoperative and means whereby the cutter may be advanced step bystep until its central tooth has ontered the blank to the full extentrequired be fore the operation of the feed mechanism.

The pawl e is provided with a handle 13 and the pawl c with a handle 14,whereby said pawls maybe retracted from the accompanyin g ratchets, thusmaking the feed mechanism inoperative, the pawls being held retracted bypins 15 on said handles when the handles are turned to cause the saidpins to bear on the outer ends of the levers carrying said pawls. Theholding-slide ghas a nut g, which is engaged by a feed-screw g journaledin bearings on the supporting-frame. The feed-screw has a band-wheel g,by which it may be rotated to move the slide g. Vhen the slide is thusmoved inwardly toward the work-spindle, the strut f forces the slide 0and the cutter c inwardly at the same time. \Vhen the slide g is movedoutwardly, the springs fand studs f cause the slide c and the cutter tofollow it. It will be seen, therefore, that the operator, after thecompletion of each piece of work, can withdraw the cutter from thework-spindle, so that it will be outside the periphery of the nextblank, as shown in Fig. 12, and then by allowing the cutter to make itsforward and return movements, as above described, and moving the slide cforward after each return stroke the cutter can be advanced until itsoperative teeth have ontered the work the required distance or until thecentral tooth has entered the blank to the maximum depth required, asshown in Fig. 14, after which the feed mechanism is made operative byreleasing the pawls, the rest of the operation being automatic. It isobvious that automatic mechanism may be provided for advancing andwithdrawing the cutter for the purpose above described.

The operation of generating gear-teeth on the blank by the combined feedmotions of the cutter and blank is illustrated by Figs. 14: to 19,inclusive. Fig. ll shows the form of the blank when the feed motionscommence. In the succeeding figures the blank is shown by full anddotted lines in the position it occupies relatively to the cutter afterthe feed movements of the work and cutter and while the cutter is makingits operative movement,

the dotted lines indicating the metal being removed at the time. It willbe understood, however, that in these views the quantity of metalremoved is considerably exaggerated, the actual quantity removed by eachpass of the cutter across the blank being too small to be represented inthis manner.

Fig. 10 shows a completed tooth t, and Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 showthe successive steps involved in the generation or shaping of saidtooth. These figures make the shaping or generating operation clearwithout further description. It will be seen that spur-gear teeth of anydesired form may be produced in the manner and by the means described,the form of the teeth out on the blank being determined by the form ofthe teeth of the cutter.

My invention is not limited to the form-a tion of teeth on circulargears and may be used for shaping or generating rack-teeth. In Figs. 1,2, I), a, and 8 I show a slide 8, having a rectilinear movement in afixed guide 8' and arranged to support a rack-blank and present it tothe cutter c. Said slide may be moved progressively to feed therack-blank by any suitable means, such as a gear, (not shown,) rotatedstep by step by a suitable modification of the mechanism which rotatesthe gear-blank b, the slide having rack-teeth s to engage said gear. Theoperation of generating a series of rack-teeth is practically the sameas that of generating gear-teeth, the only difference being arectilinear instead of a rotary movement of the blank.

I do not limit myself to the details of mechanism here shown and may useany other suitable means for imparting to the gear shaped cutter and theblank the necessary gear shaping or generating movements.

The chief advantages resulting from the en'lployment of a gear-shapedcutter which is fed by a rotary movement on its own axis in a machine ofthe character described are as follows:

First. The cutter generates the form of the curve of each gear-tooth cuton the blank, so that each tooth cut is theoretically correct.

Secondly. One size of cutter for any given pitch will cut any size ofgear.

Thirdly. The operation of cutting is contin uous. In ordinary automaticgear-cutting machines there are two separate and distinct mechanisms,one for feeding the cutter and one for indexing the blank. Eachmechanism must be inoperative while the other is in operation, acomplication of mechanism being involved which is' avoided by myimprovement.

Fourthly. Several cutting teeth or points are in operative contact withthe work simultaneously, insuring a rapid operation.

Fifthl y. The same cutter will out either external or internalgear-teeth with equal ease and correctness. This is an importantadvantage, it being very difficult to cut internal gears correctly byany of the gear-cutting machines now in use.

I do not limit myself to a cutter of conventional gear shape. Acutter ofany f0rm'having a circular series of cutting teeth or projectionsalternating with recesses, the highest or outer portions of the teethbeing substantially equidistant from the axis of rotation of the cutter,will be within the scope of my invention.

In Fig. 20 I show a cutter a formed to cut a sprocket-wheel, the teethbeing longer than the intervening recesses.

In Fig. 21 I show a cutter 0 having curved teeth or projections shapedto form four plane surfaces c 011 a blank presented to it, both theblank and the cutter having a rotary feed movement, the cutter havingalso a back-andforth movement across the blank.

Having thus explained the nature of my invention and described a Way ofconstructing and using the same, though Without attempting to set forthall of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use,I declare that What I claim is 1. The combination of a metal-planingcutter having a circular series of radiating or outwardly-projectinggear-shaped metalplaning teeth, a blank holder or support, means forreciprocating one of said parts to cause the cutter to plane the blank,and means for changing the relative positions of said parts to cause thesaid teeth to act successively at different points on the blank andgenerate the curves of gear-teeth thereon.

2. The combination of a gear-shaped metalplaning cutter, a blank holderorsupport and means for rotating it, means for reciprocating one of saidparts, means for holding the cutter at an inclination relatively to thegearreceiving face of the blank to give the operating-teeth of saidcutter the clearance of metal-planing tools, and means for rotating thecutter.

3. The combination of a gear-shaped metalplaning cutter having externalgear-shaped teeth arranged in a circular series, a blank holder,cutter-operating mechanism having provisions for progressively rotatingsaid outter to make its teeth successively operative and forreciprocating the cutter to give the operative teeth their cutting andreturn movements, and mechanism for feeding the blank.

4. The combination of a blank-holder, a gear-shaped metal-planingcutter, a spindle supporting said cutter, bearings supporting saidspindle, means for rotating the spindle in said bearings to feed thecutter, means for reciprocating the spindle and its bearings to give thecutter its operative movements across the blank, and mechanism forfeeding the blank.

5. The combination of a blank-holder, a gear-shaped metal-planingcutter, a spindle supporting said cutter, bearings supporting saidspindle at an inclination relatively to the gear-receiving face of theblank to give clearance to the teeth of the cutter, means forreciprocating the spindle and its bearings,

v and means for giving said bearings a lateral movement during theforward movement of the cutter to compensate for the inclination of thespindle and cutter.

6. The combination of a blank-holder, a gear-shaped metal-planingcutter, a spindle supporting said cutter, bearings supporting saidspindle, means for reciprocating the spindle and its hearings to carrythe cutter forward and back across the blank, means for changing thepath of the spindle relatively to the blank-holder after each stroke ofthe cutter to alternately project and retract the cutter, and means forrotating the cutter.

7. The combination of a blank-holder, a gear-shaped metal-planingcutter, a spindle supporting said cutter, bearings supporting saidspindle, means for reciprocating the spindle and its bearings to carrythe cutter forward and back across the blank, means for changing thepath of the spindle relatively to the blank-holder after each stroke ofthe cutter to alternately project and retract the cutter, means forimparting a progressive lateral movement to the spindle and itsbearings, to advance it into the blank, and means for rotating thecutter, the said last-named means having provision for being madetemporarily inoperative.

8. The combination of a gear-shaped metalplaning cutter,a spindlesupporting the same, a blank-holder, a driving-shaft, mechanismfor'imparting a rotary motion from the said shaft to the cutter-spindle,and mechanism for imparting a reciprocating motion to the spindle,thelast-mentioned mechanism having provision for varying the speed of thereciprocatin g movement after each stroke.

9. The combination of a gear-shaped metalplaning cutter, a spindlesupporting the same, a blank-holding spindle, a driving-shaft,connections intermediate the said shaft and spindles for positivelyrotating the spindles in unison, and connections intermediate thedriving-shaft and cutter-spindle for imparting a reciprocating motion tothe latter.

10. The combination of a gear-shaped metalplaning cutter, a spindlesupporting the same, a blank-holding spindle, a rock-shaft eintermediate the drivingshaft and spindles, connections between therock-shaft and drivin g-sh aft whereby the rock-shaft is positivelyoscillated, and connections between the rockshaft and spindles forimparting positive rotary movements to the spindles in unison, andconnections between the driving-shaft and cutter spindle forreciprocating the latter.

11. The combination of a blank-holder, a gear-shaped metal-planingcutter, aspindle support-ing the cutter, a primary slide supporting thespindle, and movable to reciprocate the spindle longitudinally, asecondary slide supporting the primary slide, and movable toward andfrom the blank holder, mechanism for reciprocating the primary slide andspindle, an adjust-able connection between the said slides and mechanismfor adjusting said connection to vary the position of the primary slide.

12. The combination of a blank-holder, a metal-planing cutter, a spindlesupporting the cutter, a slide having bearings for the spindle, meansfor reciprocating the slide and spindle, a sleeve 6 which rotates withthe cutter but does not reciprocate with it, and acounterbalancing-spring seated 011 said sleeve and exerting an upwardpressure on the slide and spindle.

13. The combination of a gear-shaped metalplaning cutter, a rotaryspindle supporting the cutter, a rotary blank-holding spindle, gearingadapted to impart rotary motion to said spindles, pawls and ratchetsadapted to operate said gearing, and means for simultaneouslyoscillating said pawls.

14c. The combination of a gear-shaped metalplaning cutter, a rotaryspindle supporting the cutter, a rotary blank-holding spindle, and aswinging bearing for the last-named spindle, adapted to displace thespindle from its operative position.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses, this 24th day of March, A. D.1896.

EDWIN R. FELLOlVS.

Witnesses:

M. L. LAWRENCE, ALICE M. WHEELER.

